Biosecurity can save dollars

Ellen R. Jordan, Extension Dairy Specialist, Texas A&M University

Ever since the bombing of the World Trade Center and the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, recommendations have been made to improve biosecurity on America’s farms. The typical question that arises with biosecurity is “How much does it cost?”

The cost for implementing biosecurity changes, in general, is very low. Frequently it requires only a change in management and commitment to those changes. Seldom are large capital investments required, but everyone working on the farm must be involved.

Biosecurity includes the management practices that:

•protect the herd from disease entry

•minimize the spread or adverse effects of existing diseases

•reduce the risk for illegal residues of antibiotics in milk and meat

Key elements of a biosecurity plan include:

1. Taking control of how diseases enter and spread in a herd, which requires managing cattle, manure, pests, pets, wildlife, people, water and feed.

2. Purchasing replacements from a single source that can provide a known health history.

3. Developing a comprehensive vaccination program for purchased and home-raised animals.

4. Isolating new arrivals upon arrival at the farm.

5. Transporting purchases in clean trucks, while minimizing the stress of transportation.

6. Controlling other species (i.e., cats, dogs, birds, rodents and wildlife) to reduce contact with the herd.

7. Managing manure to prevent contamination of young stock and feed.

Preventing feed from becoming contaminated with disease pathogens or manure is critical to the success of a biosecurity program. Keep rodents and birds out of feed storage areas. Clean delivery trucks between trips, and limit the access of drivers to other areas of the facilities. Control the access of pets and pests to minimize wastage and contamination of the feed.
Use separate equipment for manure handling. Balance rations to enhance productivity and immune function to reduce metabolic and infectious diseases. Visually assess whether feeds have mold and conduct routine testing for high-risk toxins.
Other precautionary steps required include:

•Monitor where people go and insist they clean and sanitize boots and equipment.

•Work livestock from youngest to oldest and from healthy to sick.

•Develop an effective vaccination program to supplement your other biosecurity measures.

Most of these practices can help your herd lead a healthier life, which minimizes the economic losses that occur when animals have to be treated for disease. Implement a sound biosecurity program to enhance your bottom line. PD

—From Texas Dairy Matters, October 2005